{"id":97377,"date":"2025-06-09T01:00:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T00:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaziospadoni.org\/?p=97377"},"modified":"2026-09-28T21:03:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T20:03:37","slug":"instruire-les-ignorants-commentaire-de-la-pastorale-de-la-sante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaziospadoni.org\/fr\/instruire-les-ignorants-commentaire-de-la-pastorale-de-la-sante\/","title":{"rendered":"Instruire les ignorants : commentaire de la Pastorale de la Sant\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Du site de l’Office National pour la Pastorale de la Sant\u00e9 de la CEI, le commentaire de la deuxi\u00e8me \u0153uvre de mis\u00e9ricorde spirituelle<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Dr Giovanni Cervellera, Pr\u00e9sident de l’A.I.Pa.S.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si nous inversions les termes de la phrase, nous lirions : \u00ab ignorer les enseignants \u00bb, et nous saisirions une grande partie de l’attitude contemporaine face \u00e0 la transmission du savoir. Paul VI avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pressenti la difficult\u00e9 d’\u00e9couter les ma\u00eetres, affirmant de fa\u00e7on positive : \u00ab L’homme contemporain \u00e9coute plus volontiers les t\u00e9moins que les ma\u00eetres \u00bb. L’intol\u00e9rance envers les enseignants devient souvent un refus des enseignements. Quel sens y a-t-il donc \u00e0 proposer une formation si celui qui est ignorant ne veut pas \u00e9couter ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La direction de cette \u0153uvre de mis\u00e9ricorde pourrait facilement se r\u00e9duire \u00e0 une exhortation \u00e0 dispenser des le\u00e7ons, sans en consid\u00e9rer les effets et sans se soucier du r\u00e9sultat, presque dans une sorte de r\u00e9signation justifi\u00e9e par le dicton : \u00ab les uns s\u00e8ment, les autres r\u00e9coltent \u00bb. Enseigner ne consiste pas en la simple transmission de connaissances, mais implique d’\u00e9tablir une relation qui permette d’acqu\u00e9rir un nouveau savoir. En dehors d’une relation signifiante, il est impossible d’apprendre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’autres questions surgissent imm\u00e9diatement : Quoi enseigner ? Comment enseigner ? \u00c0 qui enseigner ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quant au contenu, nous pouvons dire que toute connaissance humaine est contempl\u00e9e dans cette \u0153uvre. Bien que, s’agissant d’une mis\u00e9ricorde spirituelle, nous pourrions \u00eatre amen\u00e9s \u00e0 penser qu’il faille parler de th\u00e8mes religieux. Le climat social actuel, qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le une faible connaissance des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la foi, invite \u00e0 insister sur ces sujets. Et il est bon qu’il y ait un renouveau, sous peine d’observer une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui, ne reconnaissant plus les symboles religieux, devient incapable de comprendre sa culture et, finalement, d’elle-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La connaissance spirituelle ne doit donc jamais \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9e de la connaissance humaine. Elle en fait partie int\u00e9grante et ce n’est que dans une action d’enseignement int\u00e9gral que peut exister une v\u00e9ritable compr\u00e9hension de l’\u00eatre humain dans sa totalit\u00e9. Un bas-relief de Canova, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 1795 sous le titre : \u00ab Instruire les ignorants \u00bb, illustre parfaitement cette id\u00e9e. Une femme aide son fils \u00e0 faire ses devoirs, tandis qu’en face quatre femmes apprennent respectivement : la pri\u00e8re, la couture, la broderie et le tissage. Chaque enseignement est envisag\u00e9 comme une action m\u00e9ritoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour comprendre le \u201ccomment\u201d, observons le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9pisode de J\u00e9sus \u00e0 douze ans au Temple de J\u00e9rusalem. La tradition a coutume de dire : \u00ab J\u00e9sus enseignait aux docteurs dans le temple \u00bb, soulignant \u00e0 nos yeux l’\u00e9tonnement de voir un enfant donner des le\u00e7ons aux savants. Le texte biblique est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 plus pr\u00e9cis et moins miraculeux : \u00ab ils le trouv\u00e8rent dans le temple, assis au milieu des ma\u00eetres, les \u00e9coutant et les interrogeant \u00bb. (Lc 2, 46). J\u00e9sus \u00e9coute et interroge. Sa mani\u00e8re d’\u00eatre, et par cons\u00e9quent d’enseigner, est : \u00e9couter et questionner. Ces deux verbes sont fondamentaux dans la vie relationnelle, et particuli\u00e8rement dans l’exp\u00e9rience de celui qui chemine aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des personnes qui souffrent. On n’insistera jamais assez sur le fait que l’\u00e9coute est la seule condition qui permette de transmettre un message. De plus, qu’un enfant soit au centre de la sc\u00e8ne nous offre une autre indication, confirm\u00e9e par cet autre passage \u00e9vang\u00e9lique o\u00f9 J\u00e9sus invite \u00e0 \u00ab devenir comme des enfants \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seul celui qui se fait \u201cpetit\u201d, humble et ignorant peut enseigner. Nul besoin de convoquer l’\u00c9vangile. Il suffirait de se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux diverses exp\u00e9riences personnelles o\u00f9 l’on constate la difficult\u00e9 d’apprendre de quelqu’un qui se pr\u00e9sente de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9tentieuse, arrogante et hautaine, donc pas sous la forme du \u201cpetit\u201d. L’\u00c9vang\u00e9liste conclut le r\u00e9cit par ce commentaire : \u00ab et J\u00e9sus grandissait en sagesse, en taille et en gr\u00e2ce \u00bb. L’\u00e9change au Temple a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la croissance de J\u00e9sus dans la sagesse. De mani\u00e8re similaire, l’enseignement de tout enseignant est pour lui-m\u00eame un apprentissage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le v\u00e9ritable enseignant ne se place pas au centre de l’attention, ne monte pas sur un pi\u00e9destal et ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas de d\u00e9montrer sa propre valeur ; au contraire, il porte une r\u00e9elle estime \u00e0 l’\u00e9l\u00e8ve et d\u00e9pense toute son \u00e9nergie pour le disciple. La sagesse que poss\u00e8de l’enseignant sert \u00e0 fortifier sa pr\u00e9sence et \u00e0 le rassurer sur sa capacit\u00e9 d’enseigner. Aucun livre connu ne saurait remplacer la lecture de ce \u201ctexte\u201d que chaque \u00eatre humain offre \u00e0 son interlocuteur. Pour sceller cela, l’avertissement \u00e9vang\u00e9lique rend justice \u00e0 la pr\u00e9somption humaine et ouvre sur l’infini : \u00ab Un seul est votre ma\u00eetre \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et donc, \u00e0 qui adresser l’enseignement ? Sans aucun doute \u00e0 qui manifeste le d\u00e9sir de savoir. Il n’y a pas d’apprentissage si la motivation int\u00e9rieure ne s’\u00e9veille pas. Rien n’est possible si l’on ferme herm\u00e9tiquement la porte de son c\u0153ur et de son esprit. Cependant, il existe de multiples opportunit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9er le bon climat favorisant l’\u00e9mergence de la question. Ici compte beaucoup l’art de l’enseignant. Pour le reste, aucune fronti\u00e8re d’appartenance ne r\u00e9siste : chacun est destinataire d’un enseignement possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin, pour compl\u00e9ter une formation de style \u201coccidental\u201d, souvent comprise uniquement dans un sens intellectuel, on insiste derni\u00e8rement sur la \u201cformation du c\u0153ur\u201d. De mani\u00e8re synth\u00e9tique, il s’agit d’une perspective qui unit aux id\u00e9es les \u00e9motions et les sentiments. Attention, toutefois, \u00e0 une d\u00e9rive rationaliste qui utiliserait d’anciennes m\u00e9thodes en ne changeant que le contenu. La formation du c\u0153ur requiert une m\u00e9thode, une forme et un contenu originaux et, tout particuli\u00e8rement, le plein engagement de quiconque d\u00e9sire mettre en pratique cette \u0153uvre de mis\u00e9ricorde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Texte de novembre 2016)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image cr\u00e9\u00e9e num\u00e9riquement par spazio + spadoni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source : <\/strong>Office National pour la Pastorale de la Sant\u00e9 de la CEI<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Du site de l’Office National pour la Pastorale de la Sant\u00e9 de la CEI, le commentaire de la deuxi\u00e8me \u0153uvre de mis\u00e9ricorde spirituelle (Dr Giovanni Cervellera, Pr\u00e9sident de l’A.I.Pa.S.) Si nous inversions les termes de la phrase, nous lirions : \u00ab ignorer les enseignants \u00bb, et nous saisirions une grande partie de l’attitude contemporaine face … Lire plus<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":97376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ss_featured_image_title":"","ss_featured_image_alt":"Partager les connaissances","ss_featured_image_caption":"Partager ce que nous savons est une mani\u00e8re concr\u00e8te d\u2019offrir des opportunit\u00e9s et de construire un avenir plus 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